Valid and Licit

by Paul Turner

For example, you need a driver’s license to operate a car, and you’re supposed to observe other traffic rules. If you drive without a license, you’re in big trouble. If you’re supposed to wear a seat belt while you drive but don’t, you are be guilty of another kind of offense. In that case, you may have a valid license but your behavior is illicit. When we celebrate the sacraments, certain circumstances render them valid and licit. Although we strive to observe both categories, validity is more important than liceity.

For example, for the valid celebration of the Eucharist you must have a validly ordained priest. However, that priest is restricted in the number of times he celebrates the Eucharist every day (twice on weekdays, three times on Sundays). If he does so more often his behavior is illicit but the sacrament is valid. In matrimony a Catholic is required to follow the Catholic form of marriage. If a Catholic marries in some other setting (without obtaining the proper dispensation), the Catholic church considers the marriage invalid. When a Catholic marries a Christian baptized in another faith, the priest or deacon should obtain permission for the ceremony. If he does not, the marriage is illicit.

The judgments of what constitutes validity and liceity are entrusted to the authority of the church. These judgments assure the faithful that their celebrations have the effect intended. In celebrating sacraments, however, we should beware of a minimalist approach, which accomplishes only what is valid and licit. A full celebration, rich in imagery and symbol, will better convey the significance of our rituals and more easily invite the assembly of the faithful into their spirit.

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Paul Turner, pastor of St. Munchin Parish in Cameron, MO, holds a doctorate in sacramental theology from Sant' Anselmo University in Rome.